Brown and White Vol. 19 no. 17

              the regular monthly meeting of the electrical engineering society was held in the physics laboratory on friday evening at 7.45 o'clock the attendance was gratifying to those who worked for a successful program as with a few exceptions all the men taking the course were there the guests of the society were messrs watters petty and standing of the bethlehem steel co beam and smith of the roller smith co and snyder of the allen town electric light co a t schultz 12 was the first speaker of the evening in his talk on high tension direct current railways mr schultz gave a complete account of the methods now used in this work and a des cription of the important features of the accessory apparatus the use of alternating current with the third rail is the most common sys tem now on electrified trunk lines but the broad field of suburban and inter-urban electric railways is open to the choice of alternating cur rent and high or low tension di rect current this choice depends of course on the local conditions as well as on the nature of the load a brief comparison of the two types leads us to believe that high tension di rect current work is cheaper in first cost and maintenance has a lower voltage loss in the rails and cars are lighter than alternating current cars due to the dispensing of the transformers the deadly third rail is rarely used in direct current work overhead suspension sup planting it the chief factor in the alternating current work seems to be the low cost of sub-stations this hardly overcomes the advan tages of direct current however the next paper which was elec trolytic manufacture of nitrogen compounds was presented by w m johnson 12 the manufac ture of nitrogen compounds is quite an important affair since nitrogen is the chief factor in high explo sives the occurrence of nitrogen compounds as metallic deposits is very rare and the method of ex tracting it from air has been resort ed to numerous processes have been used two of which were described these two the birkeland-eyde and the pauling were described with very clear sketches and the only difference between the two was the type of furnace used the refining apparatus was similar in both cases the principle of the processes is to heat the air by means of electric coatinued on fourth page on a field that was a sea of mud lehigh won from franklin & mar shall in the fourth period scoring a touchdown and a safety in quick succession the brown and white started the contest with but six varsity men and while this combi nation played well it remained for the full varsity in the second half to rush in and seize the victory the game was marred throughout by an excessive number of penalties on both sides lehigh won the toss and receiv ing the kick-off returned it to the 40-yard line from here crichton and mccaffrey carried the ball to the visitors 35-yard line but le high was penalized and forced to kick f m kicked at once and lehigh failed to gain on straight football at this point kennedy was injured and was replaced by martin flick recovered an onside kick which gave lehigh the ball on f & m.'s 25-yard line but they failed to gain the ball now went down into the brown and white territory and the period ended with the ball in lehigh's possession on her 28-yard line in the second period the advan tage was decidedly with the visitors but their only chance for a touch down came during the first few minutes a recovered kick gave them the ball on lehigh's 10-yard line and on the next play stein gain ed five yards but here the brown and white defense tightened up and the wearers of the blue were forced to try for a goal from placement which failed the remainder of the period was a kicking duel in which f & m had the advantage lehigh started the third period with almost the full varsity line up and from this point until the end of the game the visitors were on the defensive although the varsity backfield was slowed up consider ably by the wet field pazzetti and western several times brought the spectators to their feet by their pretty runs during this period lehigh had several chances to score all undergraduates who desire seats in the cheering section and have not yet obtained them are re quested to see h m smyth man ager of football team at 155 south mam street bethlehem before 6 p m wednesday after that time the cheering section seats re maining will be placed on general sale the brown and white lehigh university bethlehem pa tuesday november 21 1911 vol xix lehigh downs f and m on muddy gridiron electricals big meeting prof franklin discourses on electric arcs subject of h s miner's lec ture to chemists incandescent gas lights crichton's touchdown and vela's safety tell story of collegien's defeat all scoring done in the last quarter a most interesting illustrated lec ture on incandescent gas light ing was delivered thursday even ing in the chemistry lecture room by h s miner 88 former presi dent of the alumni association and chief chemist of the welsbach light co of gloucester n j the lec ture which was attended mostly by the chemical representation of our undergraduate body was appre ciated as being one of the best of its kind heard here this year mr miner began by describing the mining of the raw materials used in the manufacture of gas mantles thorite and monazite are the minerals used the former containing about 50 per cent tho rium and the latter about 3 per cent monazite also contains cerium which adds to its value the history of gas illumination covers the span of a century in 1800 prof drummond of the uni versity of pennsylvania began to experiment and achieved a brilliant white light by holding a piece of lime in the flame of an oxy-hydro gen blowpipe this was the first attempt even made at this kind of lighting some years later cruik shank experimented with platinum but obtained nothing that would benefit the commercial world a pupil of bunsen karl von welsbach was the first to invent anything like the modern product he used a piece of cheese-cloth saturated with thorium nitrate burned to the ox ide and suspended over a bunsen burner by this means a compara tively small flame from the bunsen gives a bright light on account of the incandescent power of the tho rium the modern gas mantle consists of cotton fibre woven in the form of a cylindrical network and gather ed in at the top by an asbestos cord this is saturated with a solution of thorium and cerium nitrates which when burned will leave a film containing 99 per cent tho rium oxide and 1 per cent cerium it has been found by experiment continued on fourth page cheering section seats for lafayette game but every time they came within striking distance of the goal were penalized and lost the ball on downs the final period started with the ball in f & m.'s possession on her own 5-yard line bridenbaugh punted out to the 45-yard line le high started plunging down the field but the blue line got together and held for downs on their 15-yard line bridenbaugh's kick was re turned by western to the line from which it was kicked here lehigh was again penalized but on the next play vela recovered an onside kick on the 20-yard line and from here western and mccaffrey carried the ball to the 5-yard line where it was given to crichton who carried it over for the score pazzetti kicked the goal on the kick-off pazzetti return ed the ball to the 45-yard line and from here the backs rushed it down to f & m.'s 30-yard line where they held pazzetti kicked and vela tackled bridenbaugh behind the goal for a safety an exchange of punts followed and the game ended 8 to 0 the line-up lehigh f & m greene 1 c hayes houser 1 t jaeger knox 1 g kalbach wylie c diehl bianco r g mcclay ackerly r t shantz flick r c sykes price q b . bridenbaugh kennedy .... 1 h b nolting mccaffrey . . . r h b stein crichton f . b wood touchdown — crichton goal from touchdown — pazzetti safety — bridenbaugh substitutions — martin for kennedy western for martin bailey for ackerly vela for greene pazzetti for price say lor for wood shafer for hayes referee — davidson u of p um pire — moffitt princeton field judge — dunbar pennsylvania den tal college time of quarters — 12 minutes no 17 " nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm emerson stand by and beat lafayette