Brown and White Vol. 6 no. 16

              this form of masonry though modern is not new as it was used by the romans and llindoos,though not extensively in all structures is used a factor of safety which depends upon the material and the use to which the structure is put and care is taken always to utilize the greatest possible strength of the material pieces arc always placed in compression instead of tension if possible as under the latter stress failure occurs at a much lower value in fact a part of a structure is never subjected to a tensile strain when that ma terial is not capable of some elong ation without fracture and the less the elongation the greater must be the factor of safety a masonry structure should be so designed that no tensile strain exists in it sometimes an external compression produces an internal tension and this condition must be guarded against masonry also has a modulus of elasticity or a coefficient of com pression which must be taken into account as some piers bend very perceptibly though the structure is not injured continued on fourth page the ideal masonry would be ab solutely monolithic ; this result however is never obtained except in concrete but in all cases the following conditions are relied upon to produce thie result in some measure first the frictionat re sistance of the stones upon each other and,second themortar,which college lecture the fourth lecture of the uni versity course was delivered on saturday nov 19 by george s morison one of the most distin guished civil engineers in the united states his subject was masonry and a short synopsis like the following does not do justice to the lecture of which every sentence was instructive and interesting masonry may be broadly defined as any construction formed of inor ganic nonmetallic material in which the parts are fitted together so as to form a single united whole according to this definition ma sonry may be divided into four classes with reference to the material used the first of these is adobe the unburned brick of the egyptians and the aztecs ; the second is brick a material harder and more durable than many kinds of stone ; the third is stone and the last is concrete an artificial stone the manufacture of adobe is very simple ; a suitable earth mixed with a little chopped straw is moistened with w3ter worked with a hoe into the proper degree of plasticity and moulded into shape when protected from water it is very durable though much less so than the other forms of masonry this is the cheap building material of all arid countries of all forms of ma sonry perhaps brick is the most useful bricks are made of two kinds of material the ordinary plastic clay and the various soft slates which are ground before they they are used the harder a brick is and the less water it will absorb the better it is in a brick wall mortar forms so large a part that its strength is determined by the strength of the mortar therefore mortar of a strength as nearly as possible equal to that of brick should be used a heavy brick wall will resist fire better than any other form of construction stone masonry may be consider ed the highest development of the art there are many varieties of stone but those in common use for masonry may be be divid ed into four parts : granite which is the hardest to work ; basalt which is generally found in in convenient forms limestones of which there is an immense variety and sandstones stone masonry may be classified in two ways ; by the shape of the stone used and by the manner in which it is laid to gether according to the first we have rubble work in which the stones are not cut and ashlar in which each stone is shaped ; accord ing to the latter method we have dry masonry in which no mortar is used and masonry laid in mortar concrete is composed of broken stone and gravel enveloped in a matrix of mortar a good con crete should be absolutely solid football lehigh 5 maryland a c o the lehigh football team won from the maryland athletic club of baltimore under most unfavor able conditions the game was played on maryland oval which was so muddy that after the first half the players could hardly be distinguished from one another maryland's line outweighed that of lehigh very considerably which advantage on a muddy field,should have enabled them to gain at will lehigh's line however was im pregnable though the ends were several times skirted for good gains two of these netting twenty and thirty yards respectively lehigh's backs gained in every direction frequently making runs of ten and fifteen yards around the ends and through tackles in punting also lehigh outclassed their opponents especially in the second half during which there was a great deal of this style of play lehigh's turtle-back forma tion was used extensively and generally netted good gains maryland athletic club almost scored in the second half,when they worked the ball from lehigh's 40-yard line to within five yards of the goal but lost it on downs this was the only time lehigh's goal was seriously threatened but lehigh several times succeeded in working the ball very close to their opponent's line in the second half lehigh carried the ball up to within one yard of maryland's goal and by a line plunge the ball was carried over but lost so resulting in a touch back poe of princeton was a tower of strength for the maryland team he made two beautiful end runs of twenty and thirty yards though on account of insufficient support he could make no steady gains it was on the defense however that his presence was most notice,d he got the runner on almost every play and seemed to be on every part of the field lehigh's half backs both played excellent games chamberlain sel dom failing to gain on line plays while ross on end runs generally succeeded in gaining good distances the game played by lehigh was fast compared with that of maryland and considering fclje grounds was as good as could be expected but if the team is to beat lafayette it will have to im prove considerably as the play was far from up to the standard set on nov 5 dornin kicked oft for lehigh to owings who was downed in his tracks on the 35-yard line mary land failed to gain the necessary five yards in four downs and le high took the ball chamberlain was sent around right end for ten yards and through tackle for the same distance on the next play eoss skirted the right end for the brown and white i ■ ~ — south bethlehem pa tuesday november 22 1898 lehigh university vol vi calendar wednesday nov 23 thanks giving holidays begin at 12.30 kxamination in dynamics at 9.30 a m in physical'"labora tory thursday nov 24 — football lehigh vs lafayette , at eastorh monday nov 28 thanksgiving holidays end at 8 15 o'clock tuesday nov 29 — meeting of forum in sau.con hall 7 p m fifteen yards and a touchdown time four and one-half minutes james failed to kick a goal and the score stood lehigh 5 mary land a c 0 maryland athletic club kicked off to wilson who was downed on the 35-yard line gledhill was sent around the end for ten yards but on the next play mayer broke through and caught the runner before the interference could form maryland was given the ball on account of holding in the line poe made a short gain around le high's end and was followed by hebo and burlingarne who to gether made ten yards lehigh braced up just at this point and took the ball on downs by line bucks they gained ten yards to which chamberlain added eight on an end play ten yards more was gained by maryland's offside play and by two 15-yard runs james and gledhill carried the ball to maryland's 25 yard line where it was lost on downs poe fumbled the ball but recov ered it and made a beautiful end run of thirty yards by short gains maryland carried the ball to lehigh's 30-yard line where they lost it on downs after this neither side succeeded in retaining the ball long the half ending with the ball in midfield second half maryland kicked off to gled hill on lehigh's 40-yard line and on the first line-up was given the ball for offside play poe went around the right end for twenty yards and was followed by burlin game who on two tries made thir teen through the line the ball had been forced down to lehigh's 5-yard line where they held and took it on downs dornin punted out and so started a series of kicks which netted steady gains these gains interspersed with line plunges and end runs carried the ball over the line bui it was fumbled and maryland secured it maryland a c kicked out to lehigh's 45 yard line from which it was advanced to maryland's 25 yard line before time was called the line up was : lehigh positions m a c keys(sc ivil left end . ogiri(johnson ghedhill left tackle schwartz becerra left guard mayer mccarthy centre simms butler right guard buriingame wilson iyht tackle hebb gearhart right end parr james quarter back goodrich chamberlain left halt back poe ross right half back owings dornin full back thomas referee james brays m a c umpire dudley riggs princeton linesmen charles cunning m a c.,and r'ggs of princeton timers lddins m a c and moore leh;gh time two 20-minute halves +- * m mcclung jr and paul dashiell were the officials of the yale-harvard game at new haven last saturday w t white 1900 refereed the ilaveribrd swarthmore game saturday notices football the most important practice of the season will be this afternoon and any man who has any interest whatever in the game thursday should be on the field chamerlain freshmen will provide them selves with wells new plane and spherical trigonometry and logarithm tables . either by hussey or gauss hussey'stables printed in english are recom mended c l thornburg chokus minstrel show there will be rehearsals on monday and thursday of each week at the sigma phi house at 7 p m no 16