Brown and White Vol. 5 no. 50

              the work done is represented by the distance through which the total pressure is exerted in a given time the chimney as a draft producer requires heat and an excess of air which when the escaping gases are at 500 amount to a 19 per cent loss of heat and 100 per cent.excess of air as the fan blower has been proved to be almost seventy times as efficient as a chimney this sur plus of heat can be utilized there are two general classes into which the methods of application of me chanical drafts may be applied these classes are the plenum or forced method and the vacuum or " induced " method under the plenum method the air may be supplied either by keeping the ashpit airtight and forcing air into it or by keep ing the fireroom airtight and maintaining therein the required air pressure the vacuum method is applied by introducing an ex hausting fan in the place of a chimney besides giving an econo my in steam production the me chanical draft has such advantages as its adaptability to the require ments its independence of climatic conditions and its flexibility the losses of heat in a boiler which are more or less avoidable are those due to incomplete com bustion loss from excess of air loss from the high temperature of gases leaving the boiler,loss by removing ashes at too high a temperature and loss by radiation loss of heat in ashes may be almost entirely avoided by care and loss of heat by radiation may be much reduced by increasing thickness of walls and covering all exposed portions of the boiler the loss of heat from incom plete combustion is due to an inadequate supply or to an imperfect distribution of air and can practically be avoided by such regulation of the air sup ply as is possible with artificial draft the loss of heat from ex cess by the mining fuel and to the increase of chimney gases which also escape at a higher temperature than they would have ordinarily good combustion without an excess of air can only be attained when the air is intimately distributed through the fuel as is done with a forced draft ; the greatest loss of heat in a boiler is that which comes from the high temperature of the escaping gases when a mechanical means is used to pro duce the draft in place of a chimney this heat in the gases may be utilized in some other way such as in heating the feed water or the air for combustion from a commercial standpoint the mechanical draft has many advantages over chimney draft it is much cheaper to put up a plant using forced draft and it can be run more economically afterwards a summary of the university lecture mr walter b snow of the stur tevant blower company boston delivered a lecture on " mechanical draft saturday morning the substance of the lecture which was illustrated with stereopticon views was as follows : the first requisites for the suc cessful combustion of fuel are the supply and proper distribution of a sufficient amount of air to in sure these requirements draft is necessary in boiler practice the force draft must be expended in two ways first in overcoming the resistance of the grate fuel etc to the source of draft and second in imparting the necessary velocity to the air the deter mination of air supply must be based upon weight rather than volume the chimney long stood as prac tically the only available means of producing draft but forced draft is now accepted as a convenient and efficient substitute for the chimney artificial or forced draft may be produced by steam jets blowing engines air com pressors positive rotary blowers and by fan blowers of these the fan blower is the most extensively used two types of fans exist the first is constructed on the plan of the screw propeller and moves the air parallel to its axis the second consists of blades extending radially from its axis presenting practically flat surfaces to the air as they revolve the air is drawn in at the centre and delivered from the tips of the blades in a tangential direction this is the chief type of fan blower and is called the centrifugal fan or more prop erly the peripheral discharge fan the degree of pressure created by a given fan of this class depends upon the cir3umferential speed lacrosse lehigh 3 ; harvard 1 a fair crowd witnessed lehigh's opening game of lacrosse on the athletic field on saturday after noon the day was cloudy and rather warm which may account for the small amount of cheering done by the student body the heat however was not sufficient to pre vent the harvard adherents of the moravian seminary from making themselves heard every time the opportunity presented itself the game itself was not as even a contest as the score would indi cate as the ball was in the home team's possession most of the game lehigh's team work was excellent for so early in the season while the same quality was as conspicuously absent in the harvard team's play the work of the new men was the most gratify ing feature from a lehigh standpoint of the after noon's work and especially the work of p starkey in guarding goal the defence had not a great deal to do but did this well while for harvard the defence men bunched around the goal and stopped or misdirected many a well-aimed shot at goal by lehigh's attack men the game started off with the ball in the haiftfs of the lehigh attack and for several minutes some neat passing ensued when symington made the first attempt at goal but threw wide but twice in the first ten minutes of play did the ball get near lehigh's goal and dornin neatly returned it each time at 3.20 just 10 min utes after play began thurston made a good attempt to put the ball between the posts but missed when it was immediately returned and after excellent passing from symington to thurston to starkey who returned it to symington the latter threw the first goal score lehigh 1 ; harvard 0 numerous throws were made at goal by lehigh whose play was very spirited for the next few minutes but the crowding of harvard's defense men around the goal prevented any successful attempts until several minutes later when starkey l c secured the ball in a skirmish and threw between the posts for the second goal time 3.32 score lehigh 2 ; harvard 0 in the remaining part of the half no scoring was done by either side but boyt and p starkey were especially successful in re turning the ball to lehigh's attack during this interval while howland made several good stops in goal and wood's work was a tower of strength for harvard's defence in the second half thurston threw a pretty goal from digby's pass after four minutes of play after this lehigh's work was not so aggressive as before while har vard put more life in the play and lehigh university south bethlehem pa monday april 25 1898 no 50 the brown and white vol y calendar tuesday april 26 — glee club re hearsal christmas hall at 7 p m wednesday april 27 — baseball . lehigh vs pennsylvania at philadelphia made the contest more even the passing for lehigh was at times rather poor and the catching as well in this part of the game several tries at goals were made by both teams before harvard made the final goal of the game taylor secured the ball from a skirmish in lehigh's territory and threw well starkey in goal was checked while in his position by an opponent and the ball went between the posts for a goal the teams lined up as follows : lehigh harvard starkey p goal howland dornin point sands jboyt cover point dearborn paddock first defense woods gummere second defense curley hannum third defense . . purington abbott centre breed edgar third attack hardey digby second attack brookings starkey l c . . first attack taylor symington capt outside home ring capt thurson inside home fay referee colemau 95 umpires — george of lehigh lock of har vard goals — symington starkey thurston taylor time of game — two thirty-minute halves notices there will be a rehearsal of the glee club on tuesday at 7 p m it is important that all the mem bers be present and also all are expected to know their parts since the date set for the concert is ap proaching and but a few more practices can be held leader the topic for the christian asso ciation meeting of next sunday may 1 will be " college men in missions an invitation is ex tended to all to be present ■ igoo jhe election for the calculus cremation committee will be held on wednesday from 12.30 to 1.30 p m the nominees are posted in packer hall every man is most strongly urged to vote it has been decided that if a man pays 2 on his class dues he has the privilege of voting let us all therefore make an especial effort to pay in the money and to elect a good hardworking and enthusi astic committee — a committee that will use every resource to make the cremation a success and an honor to the class of 1900 chamberlain pres advantages of the mechanical draft shows it to be capable of reducing avoidable losses of decreasing the first cost of a steam generating plant of reducing the fuel expense and of possessing marked conven ience in the matter of installation and operation ♦ the scrub and a team from bethlehem lined up for a game of lacrosse on friday the bethle hem boys played a very fair game considering their training and suc ceeded in winning from the scrub by a score of 5 to 4 «. . harvard has the largest faculty in the country it has a total ot 837 a body nearly as large as the lower branch of congress colum bia and university of pennsylvania follow with 265 and 240 respec tively brown has a faculty of 91 satubday's baseball scores at philadelphia pa university of pa 16 state college 0 at providence r i — providence 6 brown 1 at georgetown d c georgetown 7 university of maryland 4 at carlisle pa — dickinson 15 indians 6 at villanova pa villanova 17 rut gers 4 ♦ * beldin 95 attended the la crosse game on saturday